African American

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BLACK HISTORY RESOURCES
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http://menc.org/guides/aahistory/AfricanAmericanHistory.html

"African-American Mosaic"
is a guide for studying black history & culture. Topics
include colonization & Liberia, abolitionists & slavery,
western migration & homesteading, Chicago & Nicodemus
(Kansas), & ex-slave narratives. (LOC)
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/intro.html

"Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from Federal Writers' Project"
presents 2,300 first-person accounts of slavery & 500
photographs of former slaves. (LOC)
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/snhome.html

"Brown vs. Board of Education National Historic Site"
features two schools that played a role in the 1954 Supreme
Court decision stating that "separate educational facilities
are inherently unequal." (NPS)
http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/civilrights/ka1.htm

"The Church in the Southern Black Community, 1780-1925"
traces how Southern African-Americans experienced Protestant
Christianity & transformed it into the central institution of
community life. (LOC)
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award99/ncuhtml/csbchome.html

"The Frederick Douglass Papers"
presents the papers of the 19th-century African-American
abolitionist who escaped from slavery & risked his freedom by
becoming an outspoken antislavery lecturer, writer, &
publisher. (LOC)
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/doughtml/doughome.html

"Jackie Robinson: Beyond the Playing Field"
includes telegrams, letters, & photos showing how Robinson,
the first African American to play in the big leagues in the
20th century, pressed for civil rights. (NARA)
http://www.archives.gov/digital_classroom/lessons/jackie_robinson/jackie_robinson.html

"Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site"
features Atlanta's Auburn Avenue, the neighborhood where King
was raised & which became the center of African American life
in Atlanta between 1910 & 1930. (NPS)
http://www.nps.gov/malu/

"Photographs of the 369th Infantry & African Americans During WWI"
tells the story of the "Harlem Hellfighters," an all-black
regiment that was one of the most highly decorated regiments
during a time of segregation in the Army & other parts of
society. (NARA)
http://www.archives.gov/digital_classroom/lessons/wwi_369th_infantry/wwi_369th_infantry.html

"Ralph Bunche: An American Odyssey"
reflects on the life & legacy of this mediator & U.N. diplomat
who was the first person of color anywhere in the world to be
awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace. (NEH)
http://www.pbs.org/ralphbunche/

Juneteenth has been celebrated in Gallup for over 60 years http://www.cinnamonhearts.com/junteenth.htm

Part A Impact:

I chose to explore how the Black or African American population has impacted the Gallup region. I began my search by talking to a women I work with who has been a teacher in Tohatchi, NM for 24 years. She answered by saying, ÒWhat African American population? You mean all one percent of us?Ó Well as the table below tells us, she was very nearly right. According to the following website, ÒArea Connect,Ó http://gallup.areaconnect.com/statistics.htm, 1.08% of the population is Black or African American.

Race
One race	19022	94.13%
White	8106	40.11%
Black or African American	219	1.08%
American Indian and Alaska Native	7404	36.64%
Asian	289	1.43%
Asian indian	101	0.5%
Chinese	47	0.23%
Filipino	62	0.31%
Japanese	28	0.14%
Korean	12	0.06%
Vietnamese	4	0.02%
Other Asian	35	0.17%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander	19	0.09%
Native Hawaiian	4	0.02%
Guamanian or Chamorro	3	0.01%
Samoan	5	0.02%
Other Pacific Islander	7	0.03%
Some other race	2985	14.77%
Two or more races	1187	3.0 %

She said she was uncertain of what impact the population has had on the area, but had heard about a man who had become quite successful and had owned a lot of property. She also thought the area had seen an increased population when workers came out from states like Oklahoma to work on the roads on the reservations in the 1960Õs and 70Õs. Some of the workers stayed and married, while others had children with women in the area. She said she really didnÕt know any more than that, but would ask a woman she quilts with. Unfortunately that will be too late for this deadline, however, I am still interested and will probably want to ask her more.

When I went to the internet I found very little almost nothing on this subject, other than a few articles that were of little interest and not historical in nature.

Part B Links:

While I had a difficult time finding much information on African American history in the Gallup area, I did find more websites than you would care for me to list on the African American experience in America as well as the history of how this group came to be in America. I found one article on African American migration west, but it seemed the majority were headed out of the South to western states such as Kansas and Oklahoma. According to one site, between the years 1879 and 1881, about 60,000 African Americans moved into Kansas and Oklahoma alone. There were scattered populations in places like New Mexico as well. As you will see by the chart below from the US Census Bureau for the 2000 census, (http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/35000.html) New Mexico is still a state that has a small minority of African Americans.

White persons, percent, 2000 (a)	66.8%	75.1%
Black or African American persons, percent, 2000 (a)	1.9%	12.3%
American Indian and Alaska Native persons, percent, 2000 (a)	9.5%	0.9%
Asian persons, percent, 2000 (a)	1.1%	3.6%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, percent, 2000 (a)	0.1%	0.1%
Persons reporting some other race, percent, 2000 (a)	17.0%	5.5%
Persons reporting two or more races, percent, 2000	3.6%	2.4%
Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin, percent, 2000 (b)	42.1%	12.5%
White persons, not of Hispanic/Latino origin, percent, 2000	44.7%	69.1%

http://www.kn.pacbell.com/wired/BHM/AfroAm.html

http://www.blackhistory.com/

http://www.seditionists.org/black/bhist.html

http://blackquest.com/link.htm

http://www.nsrc.org/AFRICA/africa.html

http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/intro.html

http://www.toptags.com/aama/

http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/mss/guide/african.html

http://www.kidsdomain.com/kids/links/Black_History.html

http://blackhistorypages.com/

http://dailynews.yahoo.com/fc3/yahooligans/bhm

http://www.surfnetkids.com/blackhistory.htm

http://www.vmfa.state.va.us/hyman/hyman_migration1.html

http://www.nps.gov/brvb/

http://vlib.iue.it/history/africa/african_studies.html

Web Site on African Art, African Voices

[Source: The Scout Report -- October 15, 2004] This website created by the Philadelphia Museum of Art complements an exhibition that "surveys the artistic achievements of just a few of the many cultures of sub-Saharan Africa" organized by the Seattle Art Museum, using artifacts from its African collections. The largest section of the Web site, African Voices, features interviews with African artists, art historians and others, focusing on particular aspects of African cultures. For example, Hannah Kema Foday, a Mende woman from Segbwema, southwestern Sierra Leone, now living in New York city, speaks about Sowei masks and initiation for girls into womanhood. The other two sections - African Art in Motion and Contemporary African Art, show the expressive use of figures in African sculpture and the work of modern African artists, living in Africa and all over the world, respectively.

To view this Web site, visit:

http://www.philamuseum.org/exhibitions/exhibits/africanart/